CDC34

更新于：2025-05-07

基本信息

别名

(E3-independent) E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme R1、CDC34、cell division cycle 34, ubiqiutin conjugating enzyme

+ [9]

简介

E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that accepts ubiquitin from an E1 ubiquitin-activating protein, and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins by an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (PubMed:10329681, PubMed:17588522, PubMed:20061386, PubMed:38326650). In vitro catalyzes 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination (PubMed:22496338). Cooperates with the E2 UBCH5C and the SCF(FBXW11) E3 ligase complex for the polyubiquitination of NFKBIA leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation (PubMed:10329681, PubMed:10918611, PubMed:17698585). Performs ubiquitin chain elongation building ubiquitin chains from the UBE2D3-primed NFKBIA-linked ubiquitin. UBE2D3 acts as an initiator E2, priming the phosphorylated NFKBIA target at positions 'Lys-21' and/or 'Lys-22' with a monoubiquitin. Cooperates with the SCF(SKP2) E3 ligase complex to regulate cell proliferation through ubiquitination and degradation of MYBL2 and KIP1 (PubMed:10871850, PubMed:15652359, PubMed:19112177). Involved in ubiquitin conjugation and degradation of CREM isoform ICERIIgamma and ATF15 resulting in abrogation of ICERIIgamma- and ATF5-mediated repression of cAMP-induced transcription during both meiotic and mitotic cell cycles. Involved in the regulation of the cell cycle G2/M phase through its targeting of the WEE1 kinase for ubiquitination and degradation (PubMed:19126550). Also involved in the degradation of beta-catenin (PubMed:12037680). Is target of human herpes virus 1 protein ICP0, leading to ICP0-dependent dynamic interaction with proteasomes (PubMed:11805320, PubMed:12060736).

关联

项与 CDC34 相关的药物

CC-0651

靶点

CDC34

作用机制

CDC34 modulators

在研机构

X-Chem, Inc. [+1]

原研机构

X-Chem, Inc. [+1]

在研适应症-

非在研适应症-

最高研发阶段临床前

首次获批国家/地区-

首次获批日期1800-01-20

100 项与 CDC34 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 CDC34 相关的转化医学

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0 项与 CDC34 相关的专利（医药）

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257

项与 CDC34 相关的文献（医药）

2024-10-11·Science Advances

Mechanism of degrader-targeted protein ubiquitinability

Article

作者: Hay, Ronald T. ; Nakasone, Mark A. ; Sathe, Gajanan ; Craigon, Conner ; Crowe, Charlotte ; Makukhin, Nikolai ; Tatham, Michael H. ; Ciulli, Alessio ; Chandler, Sarah

Small-molecule degraders of disease-driving proteins offer a clinically proven modality with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and potential to tackle previously undrugged targets. Stable and long-lived degrader-mediated ternary complexes drive fast and profound target degradation; however, the mechanisms by which they affect target ubiquitination remain elusive. Here, we show cryo-EM structures of the VHL Cullin 2 RING E3 ligase with the degrader MZ1 directing target protein Brd4 BD2 toward UBE2R1-ubiquitin, and Lys 456 at optimal positioning for nucleophilic attack. In vitro ubiquitination and mass spectrometry illuminate a patch of favorably ubiquitinable lysines on one face of Brd4 BD2 , with cellular degradation and ubiquitinomics confirming the importance of Lys 456 and nearby Lys 368 /Lys 445 , identifying the “ubiquitination zone.” Our results demonstrate the proficiency of MZ1 in positioning the substrate for catalysis, the favorability of Brd4 BD2 for ubiquitination by UBE2R1, and the flexibility of CRL2 for capturing suboptimal lysines. We propose a model for ubiquitinability of degrader-recruited targets, providing a mechanistic blueprint for further rational drug design.

2024-10-01·Neurochemical Research

HDAC1 Promotes Mitochondrial Pathway Apoptosis and Inhibits the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in High Glucose-Treated Schwann Cells via Decreased U4 Spliceosomal RNA

Article

作者: Zhu, Lin ; Wang, Ziming ; Zhou, Chenming ; Li, Wenhui ; Hao, Jun ; Wei, Wandi ; Fan, Fan ; Jin, Tingting ; Gao, Yue ; Zhang, Ziyu

Dysfunction of Schwann cells, including cell apoptosis, autophagy inhibition, dedifferentiation, and pyroptosis, is a pivotal pathogenic factor in induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are an important family of proteins that epigenetically regulate gene transcription by affecting chromatin dynamics. Here, we explored the effect of HDAC1 on high glucose-cultured Schwann cells. HDAC1 expression was increased in diabetic mice and high glucose-cultured RSC96 cells, accompanied by cell apoptosis. High glucose also increased the mitochondrial pathway apoptosis-related Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9 ratios and decreased endoplasmic reticulum response-related GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 expression in RSC96 cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of HDAC1 increased the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 and reduced the levels of GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 in RSC96 cells (P < 0.05). In contrast, knockdown of HDAC1 inhibited high glucose-promoted mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and suppressed the endoplasmic reticulum response. Moreover, RNA sequencing revealed that U4 spliceosomal RNA was significantly reduced in HDAC1-overexpressing RSC96 cells. Silencing of U4 spliceosomal RNA led to an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-9 and a decrease in CHOP and ATF4. Conversely, overexpression of U4 spliceosomal RNA blocked HDAC1-promoted mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and inhibited the endoplasmic reticulum response. In addition, alternative splicing analysis of HDAC1-overexpressing RSC96 cells showed that significantly differential intron retention (IR) of Rpl21, Cdc34, and Mtmr11 might be dominant downstream targets that mediate U4 deficiency-induced Schwann cell dysfunction. Taken together, these findings indicate that HDAC1 promotes mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis and inhibits the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in high glucose-cultured Schwann cells by decreasing the U4 spliceosomal RNA/IR of Rpl21, Cdc34, and Mtmr11.

2024-09-18·Bioconjugate Chemistry

A Novel Confocal Scanning Protein–Protein Interaction Assay (PPI-CONA) Reveals Exceptional Selectivity and Specificity of CC0651, a Small Molecule Binding Enhancer of the Weak Interaction between the E2 Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme CDC34A and Ubiquitin

Article

作者: Tyers, Mike ; Auer, Manfred ; Sicheri, Frank ; Marinier, Anne ; Orlicky, Steven ; Shave, Steven ; St-Cyr, Daniel ; Pham, Nhan T. ; Koszela, Joanna ; Ceccarelli, Derek F.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are some of the most challenging target classes in drug discovery. Highly sensitive detection techniques are required for the identification of chemical modulators of PPIs. Here, we introduce PPI confocal nanoscanning (PPI-CONA), a miniaturized, microbead based high-resolution fluorescence imaging assay. We demonstrate the capabilities of PPI-CONA by detecting low affinity ternary complex formation between the human CDC34A ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme, ubiquitin, and CC0651, a small molecule enhancer of the CDC34A-ubiquitin interaction. We further exemplify PPI-CONA with an E2 enzyme binding study on CC0651 and a CDC34A binding specificity study of a series of CC0651 analogues. Our results indicate that CC0651 is highly selective toward CDC34A. We further demonstrate how PPI-CONA can be applied to screening very low affinity interactions. PPI-CONA holds potential for high-throughput screening for modulators of PPI targets and characterization of their affinity, specificity, and selectivity.

项与 CDC34 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-03-13

·精准药物

降解剂靶向蛋白泛素化机制

靶向蛋白质降解已成为针对导致疾病蛋白的化学生物学和治疗干预的一种强大的新模式。绝大多数 PROTAC 降解剂都会选择两种 CRL 之一的活性：von Hippel-Lindau Cullin 2 连接酶复合物 (CRL2 VHL ) ( 12 - 14 ) 和 cereblon Cullin 4 连接酶复合物 (CRL4 CRBN )，利用内源泛素-蛋白酶体系统的活性来诱导靶蛋白的泛素化和随后的降解。然而，迄今为止公开的大多数关于PROTAC三元复合物的结构、生物物理和机理研究仅限于CRL的底物受体/适配器成分，因此缺乏完全组装的催化活性CRL复合物。此外，PROTAC 介导的泛素化的机制和结构研究仍然很少或分辨率有限。为了充分实现和指导降解剂药物的设计和优化，越来越需要了解降解剂如何招募整个天然催化酶来阐明其作用机制。近日，Alessio Ciulli团队在bioRxiv上发表了题为Mechanism of degrader-targeted protein ubiquitinability的研究论文，其团队通过结合冷冻电镜结构、交联捕获策略和泛素化赖氨酸的生化鉴定，确定了整个 PROTAC 诱导的 Cullin 2 RING 连接酶 VHL 催化机制的结构和机制，以及它如何在其高度特异性的情况下催化泛素化。为了实现快速、有效和深度的靶标降解，降解剂不仅必须在低浓度下稳定、长寿命的复合物中招募靶标，而且还必须将其有利地定向到催化位点。除此之外，该团队工作表明，“轻面”内的一个或多个赖氨酸残基在距离和几何形状方面正确定位以驱动高度特异性和高效的泛素化也很重要。图1 该研究揭示的靶蛋白“泛素化”结构和机制特征示意图降解剂介导的三元复合物的结构和机制特征直接影响降解剂的药理活性，因此代表了基于合理结构的药物设计的重要优化种类。多项研究表明，在大多数情况下，热力学协同、稳定且动力学寿命长的降解剂介导的三元复合物支撑着降解剂的高效和选择性蛋白质降解特征。然而，三元复合物的形成如何影响多蛋白CRL复合物的PROTAC选择性催化机制内的高效和选择性新底物泛素化，迄今为止仍然难以捉摸。为此，决定研究 PROTAC MZ1 的结构和机制，是有效且快速的VHL招募BET降解剂，与其他BET蛋白相比，它表现出优先降解BRD4。为了更深入地了解降解剂的作用机制，我们确定了多亚基催化复合物的结构，该复合物由完整的 CRL2 VHL、负载泛素的 E2 结合酶和作为“新底物”的 BRD4 BD2组成，全部组装在一起以 MZ1 为代表的 PROTAC 降解剂。CRL2 VHL是一种150 kDa E3 连接酶，由五个亚基组成：底物受体 von Hippel-Lindau（短亚型 VHL19，18 kDa 或长亚型 VHL30，24 kDa）、接头蛋白 Elongin C（EloC，12 kDa）和 Elongin B (EloB，15 kDa)、Cullin 2 支架 (Cul2，87 kDa) 和 RING 盒蛋白 1 (Rbx1，12 kDa)。VHL-EloC-EloB (VCB) 被募集到 VHL 和 EloC 之间界面处的 Cul2 N 末端。在 cullin 2 的 C 端结构域，E1 NEDD8 激活酶 APPBP1-UBA3 和 E2 NEDD8 缀合酶 UBE2M 与 NEDD8 E3 连接酶 Rbx1 一起作用以 neddylate Cul2，即共价修饰 Cul2 WHB 结构域的 K689 残基NEDD8。这种修饰已被证明可以诱导 cullin-RING 复合物的构象重排，并促进 E2 泛素结合酶的结合。因此使用冷冻电镜 (cryo-EM)确定完全活跃的 NEDD8-CRL2 VHL与 BRD4 BD2的结构。该课题组用~4.0 Å分辨率的冷冻电镜结构首次有机会了解新底物 BRD4 BD2与PROTAC 和全长活性 E3 连接酶复合物的整体构象。全长CRL2VHL-MZ1- Brd4BD2三级结构验证了相对于VHL的新底物的晶体结构，并揭示了系统内微妙的灵活性，允许在底物结合和E3连接酶的催化位点之间的间隙桥接泛素化（图2）。图2 MZ1使BRD4 BD2新底物朝向Rbx1接下来的目标是确定BRD4溴结构域上的哪些赖氨酸残基最容易被泛素化并成为泛素化的目标。具有 UBE2R1 和 UBE2D2 的体外泛素化产物（也称为 UbcH5b，被认为优先用第一个泛素引发底物）通过 SDS-PAGE 解析，切除 BRD4 泛素化产物的条带，用胰蛋白酶消化，和通过质谱鉴定的K-GG修饰肽。他们一致地鉴定出 BRD4 BD2上的 8个泛素化位点（K333、K346、K249、K355、K362、K368、K445 和 K456）（图3A）。由于 MZ1 对 BRD4 和 BRD2 的泛素化和降解选择性高于 BRD3 ( 13 , 29 , 40 )，因此我们通过不同 BET 蛋白中 BD2 的序列比对检查了已鉴定的泛素化赖氨酸残基的保守性（图3C）。发现 K456 位点在 BET BD2 中严格保守，K346、K349和K368 也是如此，而其他两个残基（K333 和 K445）在普遍表达的 BRD2/3/4 中严格保守，但在 BRDT 上则不然（图3C）。然而，在 BRD4 BD2和 BRD2 BD2中有两个残基位置带有可泛素化的 Lys ，但在 BRD3 BD2中带有非泛素化的 Arg 残基。该分析表明，虽然 BRD4 BD2和 BRD2 BD2相对于 BRD3 BD2的机械选择性的主要贡献者和驱动因素很大程度上取决于三元复合物中新底物的优先识别，但至少部分可能是BRD2/4 中存在这两个泛素化赖氨酸残基（但 BRD3 中不存在）也可能有所贡献。总之，我们的泛素化数据确定了一组可泛素化的赖氨酸，它们位于最接近 Rbx1 的目标蛋白的表面，与存在于相反表面的非泛素化的赖氨酸明显不同。我们还发现单个赖氨酸残基似乎优先泛素化，而总体赖氨酸保守和定位无法清楚地解释 MZ1 对不同 BET BD2 的机械选择性。图3 BRD4溴结构域在E3连接酶RING结构域可接近的赖氨酸上泛素化。为了更好地了解 cullin RING 连接酶如何介导新底物的泛素化，他们开发了一种方法来捕获与 UBE2R1在 Ub-BRD4 BD2上的活性泛素链延伸相对应的过渡态类似物物种（图4A）。在这个泛素化结构模拟物中，野生型 Brd4 BD2首先在 N 端融合到泛素 (G76S、K48C) 的 C 端，模拟受体泛素 (Brd4 BD2 -Ub A )。UBE2R1（C93K、S138C、C191S、C223S）突变体通过C93K 残基处的稳定异肽键不可逆地装载野生型泛素（UBE2R1-Ub D）。将所得的Ub(G76S, K48C)-BRD4 BD2用小型双马来酰亚胺乙烷 (BMOE) 交联剂生物化学交联至 UBE2R1(C93K, S138C, C191S, C223S)-Ub 的 E2 受体位点附近的 S138C残基并纯化 (BRD4 BD2 - Ub A -BMOE-Ube2R1-Ub D）（图 3A，图 S9）。与 MZ1 和 (NEDD8)-CRL VHL一起孵育后，通过凝胶电泳和质量光度分析观察到完整的复合物形成（图4B-C）。在 (NEDD8)-CRL2 VHL -MZ1-Brd4 BD2 -Ub A -BMOE-Ube2R1-Ub D复合物中，MZ1 和交联底物-E2 缀合物充当N端和C端区域之间的稳定桥梁。CRL2 VHL，目标是将整个复合体包围成一个封闭的“环状”结构。图4 BRD4 BD2泛素化结构模拟物的组装。为了解决封闭的完全组装复合体的结构，我们通过冷冻电镜对样品进行了结构研究。课题组特地研究了UBE2R1和BRD4 BD2之间的界面，并测量了与BRD4的泛素化赖氨酸残基的距离（图5）。虽然 BRD4 BD2和 UBE2R1 没有直接接触，但他们观察到，优先泛素化的 K456 直接指向 E2∼Ub 亲电子位点（图 5B）。我们测量了 K456 的 N-ε与 C93处模拟硫酯的羰基之间的距离为 18.4 Å（图5B）。尽管不是最短距离，但 K456 似乎已准备好以最佳几何结构接近 E2∼Ub D上的亲电子硫酯。由于K456 位于溴结构域 C螺旋的 C 末端，远离结合的 MZ1 界面，因此所示的倾斜可能有助于桥接这样的距离。残基 K368 和 K445也都接近 C93，但与 K456 相比，它们更接近 VHL-MZ1-BRD4 BD2界面，并且具有较低的迁移率。基于这些观察，研究者认为它们应该不如 K456 更适合泛素化。该团队的结构工作共同利用交联稳定性来实现全封闭 (NEDD8)-CRL2 VHL -PROTAC-target-Ub A -E2∼Ub D结构的高分辨率冷冻电镜结构，使用溶液内技术对其进行验证这使得对由PROTAC 结合的CRL 机制催化的新底物泛素化获得前所未有的见解。图5 BRD4 BD2泛素化复合物组装的结构本文作者：SY声明：发表/转载本文仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并不意味着代表本公众号观点或证实其内容的真实性。据此内容作出的任何判断，后果自负。若有侵权，告知必删！长按关注本公众号粉丝群/投稿/授权/广告等请联系公众号助手觉得本文好看，请点这里↓

蛋白降解靶向嵌合体临床结果